Stress and suicide risk among adolescents: the role of problematic internet use, gaming disorder and emotional regulation.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have associated videogame playing and social media use with suicidal behaviors together with lower stress coping or poor emotion regulation strategies. Due to the inconclusive evidence regarding the factors associated with suicidal behavior, the present study aimed to overcome the limitations of previous research and explored the relationship between adolescent stress, problematic internet use (PIU), gaming disorder (GD), and emotional regulation (ER) in a cross-section design. It was hypothesized that stress would have a direct effect on suicide risk (SR) as well as being mediated by PIU, GD, and ER. METHODS: The participants comprised 430 adolescents (58.4% male) aged between 16 and 19 years. They completed an online survey including the Mobile-Related Experiences Questionnaire, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, Meta-Mood Trait Repair Scale, and Spanish version of the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 34.2% of the adolescents (N = 147) were at risk for SR. Results also indicated that 30,7% had experienced suicidal ideation at some point in their life, 12.1% had at least one plan to die by suicide, and 5.1% had attempted suicide. Results of path analysis confirmed that stress appeared to be a risk factor for suicide, but that its effects were not mediated by PIU. However, ER and GD mediated the effect of stress on SR. The results suggest that stress is a main risk factor for suicide, especially among adolescents with poor emotional regulation or problematic gaming. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the prevalence of suicide among adolescents, the results of the present study suggest that suicide prevention programs should include emotional regulation strategies, stress coping, and videogaming management skills in the early stages of high school. Providing these protective resources to adolescents will help them face the stressful and changing situations typical of adolescence and will help them to attain greater well-being and satisfaction with life.

Evaluating quality of life in pediatric palliative care: a cross-sectional analysis of children's and parents' perspectives.

The patient's perspective is an essential component of understanding the individual experience of suffering in children with palliative needs, but it is a perspective that is often overlooked. The aim of this study was to compare the perception of quality of life (QoL) of children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions expressed by the children themselves and their parents. Through a cross-sectional study, the responses of 44 parent-child dyads were obtained and the analysis was performed with the statistics based on Student's t distribution and non-parametric tests. Children value QoL more positively (mean = 6.95, SD = 1.85) than their parents (mean = 5.39, SD = 2.43). This difference exists even if we consider sociodemographic and disease variables. The presence of exacerbated symptoms is the situation in which both parents (mean = 3.70; SD = 1.95) and children (mean = 5.60; SD = 1.17) evaluate QoL more negatively. CONCLUSIONS: Children have a more optimistic view than their parents. When the child is the one who reports a lower QoL score than their parent, the child should be carefully monitored. The voice of the child and that of the family members can be collected to create a "family voice" and can be complementary. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Children with life-limiting conditions experience multiple and changing symptoms that affect their QoL. • The child's perspective is often overlooked. WHAT IS NEW: • Children value QoL more positively than their parents do, even if we control for sociodemographic variables and the disease itself. • When the child is the one who reports a lower QoL score than their parent, the child should be carefully monitored.

The relationship between suicidal behavior and perceived stress: The role of cognitive emotional regulation and problematic alcohol use in Spanish adolescents.

Suicidal behavior has become an important public health problem, correlating with stress and emotional deficits in recent research. This study examined the relationship between perceived stress and suicidal behavior risk, testing the mediating roles of cognitive emotion regulation and impulsivity, and the moderating role of problematic alcohol use in stress-suicidal behavior association in a sample of 121 Spanish adolescents surveyed online. Results showed positive and significant associations between perceived stress and suicidal behavior risk, as well a mediation role of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and a moderation role of problematic alcohol use between perceived stress and suicidal behavior risk, supporting stress as an influential factor in suicidal behavior. Our findings emphasize adaptive emotional regulation strategies in stressful situations, as well as the importance of promoting responsible alcohol consumption to decrease suicide risk in adolescents. Additionally, they contribute to effective educational suicide prevention programs for young people.

Assessing well-being in pediatric palliative care: A pilot study about views of children, parents and health professionals.

OBJECTIVES: Our research aims to compare the perception that children in the pediatric palliative care setting have of their emotional well-being, or that expressed by the parents, with the perception held by the professionals involved in their care. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the emotional well-being of 30 children with a mean age of 10.8 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.1) is evaluated. Children, or parents where necessary, evaluate their situation with a question about emotional well-being on a 0-10 visual analog scale. For each child, a health professional also rates the child's emotional status using the same scale. RESULTS: The average child's emotional well-being score provided by children or parents was 7.1 (SD = 1.6), while the average score given by health professionals was 5.6 (SD = 1.2). Children or parents graded the children's emotional well-being significantly higher than professionals (t-test = 4.6, p-value < .001). Health professionals rated the children's emotional well-being significantly lower when the disease status was progressive than when the disease was not (t-test = 2.2, p-value = .037). SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Children themselves, or their parents, report more positive evaluations of emotional well-being than health professionals. Sociodemographic and disease variables do not seem to have a direct influence on this perception, rather it is more likely that children, parents, and professionals focus on different aspects and that children or parents need to hold on to a more optimistic vision. We must emphasize that when this difference is more pronounced, it can be a warning sign that further analysis is required of the situation.

Understanding the role and deployment of volunteers within specialist palliative care services and organisations as they have adjusted to the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-national EAPC volunteer taskforce survey.

BACKGROUND: Early indications were of a major decline in specialist palliative care volunteer numbers during COVID-19. It is important that ongoing deployment and role of volunteers is understood, given the dependence of many palliative care services on volunteers for quality care provision. AIM: To understand the roles and deployment of volunteers in specialist palliative care services as they have adjusted to the impact of COVID-19. DESIGN: Observational multi-national study, using a cross-sectional online survey with closed and free-text option questions. Disseminated via social media, palliative care networks and key collaborators from May to July 2021. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Any specialist palliative care setting in any country, including hospices, day hospices, hospital based or community teams. The person responsible for managing the deployment of volunteers was invited to complete the survey. RESULTS: Valid responses were received from 304 organisations (35 countries, 80.3% Europe). Most cared for adults only (60.9%), provided in-patient care (62.2%) and were non-profit (62.5%). 47.0% had cared for people with COVID-19. 47.7% changed the way they deployed volunteers; the mean number of active volunteers dropped from 203 per organisation to 33, and 70.7% reported a decrease in volunteers in direct patient/family facing roles. There was a shift to younger volunteers. 50.6% said this drop impacted care provision, increasing staff workload and pressure, decreasing patient support, and increasing patient isolation and loneliness. CONCLUSION: The sustained reduction in volunteer deployment has impacted the provision of specialist palliative care. Urgent consideration must be given to the future of volunteering including virtual modes of delivery, micro-volunteering, and appealing to a younger demographic.

Family caregiver emotional distress in advanced cancer: the DME-C scale psychometric properties.

BACKGROUND: Family caregivers of patients with advanced illness at end of life often report high levels of emotional distress. To address this emotional distress is necessary to have adequate and reliable screening tools. AIM: This study analyses the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Family Caregiver Emotional Detection Scale for caregivers of patients with end-stage cancer (DME-C, Spanish acronym) who are receiving palliative care (PC). DESIGN: Multicentre, cross-sectional study. SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS: Family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer at end of life receiving palliative treatment were interviewed to explore their emotional distress through the DME-C scale and other instruments measuring anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)), distress thermometer (DT) and overload (B), as well as a clinical psychological assessment (CPA). RESULTS: 138 family caregivers, 85 (61.6%) female and 53 (38.4%) male, with an average age of 59.69±13.3 participated in the study. The reliability of the scale, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.76, and its stability over time was 0.734. Positive, significant correlations were found between the DME-C and the scores for anxiety and depression registered on the HADS scale, as well as with the total result of this latter scale and the results for B, the DT and the CPA. A statistical analysis of the receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that the scale has a sensitivity and specificity of 75%, and that the cut-off point for the detection of emotional distress was a score ≥11. Fifty-four per cent of the caregivers displayed emotional distress according to this scale. CONCLUSIONS: The DME-C displays good psychometric properties. It is simple, short, reliable and easy to administer. We believe that the instrument is useful for the detection of emotional distress in the family caregivers of hospitalised patients suffering from end-stage illnesses and receiving PC.

Development of the Individual and Environmental Resilience Model among children, adolescents and young adults using the empirical evidence: An integrative systematic review.

To create a new conceptual model of resilience based on evidence, this integrative systematic review aims to identify the evidence-based protective factors related to resilience among children, adolescents and young adults at-risk of several exposures. An Integrative Systematic review was conducted by using systematic principles according to PRISMA statement. Searching strategy was conducted through MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science (ISI) and PsycINFO during July 2021(1991-2021). Keywords were related to resilience, self-esteem, hardiness, ego-resilience, risk factors, vulnerability, protective factors, ecological model and theoretical model. Those statiscally significant protective factors found in individual studies conducted with young populations (from 7 to 24 years old) exposed to violence, trauma or socio-economic instability were included in the qualitative synthesis. Of 15,235 peer-reviewed articles initially identified, 93 articles were screened and met the inclusion criteria; finally, 31 articles were included for the quality synthesis. More than 60 protective factors were found. They were classified in 10 different domains and two dimensions of resilience (Individual skills and Environmental), developing a new model of resilience: The Individual and Environmental Resilience Model (IERM). The Environmental dimension includes the domains: Family, School, Peers, Cultural and Community and The Individual skills dimension: Biological, Behaviour, Communications, Cognitive and Emotional domains. These domains and their specific protective factors have been set up as protective factors that significantly buffer negative outcomes in the face of adverse events. Compared with other models currently available, the new IERM model is potentially a more comprehensive approach that may facilitate the development of effective interventions to promote resilience in children, adolescents and young adults.

Atención al duelo en los servicios españoles de cuidados paliativos: estudio comparativo con otros países europeos / Bereavement care in spanish palliative care services: a comparative study with other european countries

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y comparar el tipo y las características de atención al duelo en Europa y España, así como actualizar e identificar avances en España con el fin de mejorar la atención al duelo. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y comparativo. Realizado a partir de los datos del grupo de trabajo de duelo de la EAPC relativos a España, recogidos mediante un cuestionario que consta de 54 preguntas en 6 secciones: antecedentes, apoyo, personal, acceso y niveles de cuidado, aspectos comunitarios, recursos y modelo de atención. Fue distribuido por correo electrónico a través de la EAPC a 56 asociaciones nacionales de CP. Las comparaciones entre Europa y España se realizaron utilizando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: La atención al duelo se ofrece en el 83 % de los 314 servicios que responden en Europa y en el 73 % de 56 servicios en España, con datos similares a estudios anteriores españoles. La mayoría de servicios corresponden a unidades hospitalarias. El tipo de soporte o intervención especializada depende del nivel de atención en ambos grupos. En Europa, el 32 % dispone de directrices o guías nacionales de duelo en su país, en España el 61 % de los servicios, lo que facilita la actuación. Los “instrumentos formales de riesgo” son utilizados solo por una cuarta parte de los servicios. Conclusiones: Este estudio presenta un avance y un reto futuro en la atención al duelo en Europa y España. Los datos han mostrado que la atención al duelo no forma parte de todos los servicios. El número de respuestas a los cuestionarios no ha aumentado ni se han incrementado los servicios en España. Tanto en Europa como en España es necesario seguir potenciando, formalizando e incrementando servicios con atención al duelo, como una parte esencial de los cuidados paliativos. (AU)

Objetive: To describe and compare the type and characteristics of bereavement care in Europe and Spain. To update and identify advances in Spain for improving grief care. Method: An observational, descriptive, prospective and comparative study. Made on data from the EAPC bereavement group relating to Spain, collected through a questionnaire consisting of 54 questions in 6 sections: background; support; personal; access, levels of care; community aspects; resources and care model. It was distributed by online mail via the EAPC to 56 national PC associations. Comparisons between Europe and Spain were made using Pearson’s χ2 test. Results: Bereavement care is offered by 83 % of the 314 responding services in Europe and in 73% of 56 services in Spain, with similar data to previous Spanish studies. Most services correspond to hospital units. The type of support or specialized intervention depends on level of care in both groups. In Europe, 27 % have National Grief Guides in their country, in Spain 61 % of services, which facilitates action. “Formal risk instruments” are used by only a quarter of the services. Conclusions: This study presents an advance and a future challenge in bereavement care in Europe and Spain. Data have shown that bereavement care is not included in all services. The numbers of responses to questionnaires have not increased, nor have services in Spain increased. Both in Europe and in Spain, it is necessary to continue promoting, formalizing and increasing services with attention to grief as an essential part of palliative care services. (AU)

The mediating role of emotion regulation in transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy for emotional disorders in primary care: Secondary analyses of the PsicAP randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Emotional disorders are highly prevalent in primary care. Transdiagnostic cognitive behavior therapy (TD-CBT) is a promising treatment of emotional disorders. In this study, we evaluated several emotion regulation strategies as potential mediators of treatment outcomes in a clinical sample of primary care. METHODS: A total of 1061 primary care patients were included in a randomized clinical trial comparing treatment-as-usual (TAU) to TD-CBT+TAU. Of these, 631 (TAU=316; TD-CBT+TAU=315) completed the full treatment and all pre- and post-treatment scales to assess symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization), emotion regulation strategies (worry, rumination, negative metacognition, suppression, cognitive reappraisal), overall functioning, and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: Treatment and direct effects showed that TD-CBT+TAU was superior to TAU alone. On the multivariate mediation analysis of indirect effects, three maladaptive strategies (worry, rumination and negative metacognition) had significant effects on all emotional symptoms. Suppression was also significant for depression. Rumination and negative metacognition were significant mediators of functioning, while only negative metacognition was significant for QoL. Reappraisal had no effect on any outcome. LIMITATIONS: We focused mainly on maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and only studied one behavioural strategy (suppression) and one adaptive strategy (reappraisal). CONCLUSIONS: Targeting certain maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (worry, rumination, suppression, negative metacognition) as mediators for treatment with TD-CBT could reduce emotional symptoms and improve well-being. Negative metacognition was the most transdiagnostic strategy, whereas an adaptive strategy such as reappraisal was not a mediator. Thus, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies are key mediators in transdiagnostic therapy for emotional disorders in primary care.

Caregiver emotional distress: external open-behaviour signs.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether specific external signs of emotional distress (ESED) can be an indirect measure of emotional distress in caregivers. METHODS: A cross-sectional multicentre design was used. 148 primary caregivers of advanced cancer patients attended in four Spanish palliative care units participated in this study. The emotional distress of caregivers was measured using both the Emotional Distress of Caregivers Scale and a psychological interview. Health professionals collected data using a standard clinical interview process after a brief training period. RESULTS: More than half the caregivers (60%) presented with emotional distress. A positive correlation (r=0.566) was found between the intensity of ESED and emotional distress per se. Caregivers who presented emotional distress showed more ESED than those that did not (p<0.01). The study found significant differences for the categories 'visible signs of sadness, fear, crying, feeling overwhelmed' (p<0.001), 'difficulty in separating from the patient: family refuses to let the patient make decisions and insists on care' (p<0.001) and 'visible signs of anger, irritability or frequent disagreement with therapeutic measures' (p<0.001). No significant differences were found with respect to gender. The set of items to measure these external signs presented an adequate reliability assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.773). CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of ESED in caregivers could serve as a useful method to assess their emotional distress. Incorporating the systematic assessment of these external signs as part of the assessment of the emotional distress of primary caregivers could improve the overall assessment and treatment provided to these caregivers.

Spanish Version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation in a Sample of Nursing Students.

A recent line of research concerns bedtime procrastination, its effects on sleep quality and duration, and the associated repercussions for health and wellbeing. The Bedtime Procrastination Scale is a brief, self-report instrument developed by Kroese et al. with the aim of evaluating this behavior and exploring its association with insufficient sleep, and hence with health. The aim was to develop and validate a Spanish version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS-Sp) and to examine the relationship between bedtime procrastination and both general procrastination and self-control. The original BPS was translated from English into Spanish in accordance with international guidelines on the cross-cultural adaptation of measurement instruments. The sample for the validation study comprised 177 nursing students who completed a questionnaire requesting demographic data and which included the following instruments: the newly developed BPS-Sp, the Tuckman Procrastination Scale, and the Brief Self-Control Scale. Statistical analysis involved tests of normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), reliability (Cronbach's alpha, test-retest), construct validity, and confirmatory factor analysis. Scores on the BPS-Sp showed excellent internal consistency (α = .83) and temporal stability (test-retest r = .84), as well as significant correlations with general procrastination (r = .26; p < .01) and self-control (r = -.17; p < .05). Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit for the single-factor solution proposed by Kroese et al. The results suggest that the BPS-Sp is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing bedtime procrastination in the Spanish-speaking population.

The suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised. Spanish form.

This study consists of a translation, intercultural adaptation and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Suicide Behavior Questionnaire Revised using a sample of 325 undergraduates. Internal consistency, reliability and temporal stability, calculated through Cronbach's alpha (α =.81) and test-retest correlations (ICC =. 88), respectively, were excellent. The criterion-related validity of the SBQ-R was established by correlating SBQ-R with other psychological constructs. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated adequate fit of the measurement model. This SBQ-R Spanish adaptation is a reliable and valid tool that might be useful to researchers and clinicians wishing to identify young people at a high risk of suicide.

The relationship between positive aspects of caring, anxiety and depression in the caregivers of cancer patients: The mediational role of burden.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine how the burden of caregivers of patients with an advanced oncological illness mediates the relationship between positive aspects of care, depression and anxiety. METHODS: Quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. One hundred informal adult caregivers of patients with advanced oncological illness who attended the pain and palliative care unit or the psychological unit at the Instituto de Cancerologia Clinica las Americas (Medellin, Colombia) completed self-report assessments including positive aspects of care (PAC), burden and anxiety/depression measured using the HADS (Hospitalized Anxiety Depression Scale). The partial least squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach was selected to validate the hypotheses of the study. RESULTS: Most of the participants were women (86%), with a mean age of 46.52 years (SD=15.05). Most of the participants reported experiencing both PAC and anxiety. They also scored low for burden. PAC exerted a negative effect on Burden, whereas Burden contributed positively to Anxiety and Depression. The indirect impact of PAC on Anxiety and Depression was significant p < .00. CONCLUSIONS: Positive aspects of care in advanced cancer caregivers constitutes a protective factor against caregiver's burden, depression and anxiety. Health staff can promote caregivers' adaptation and wellbeing emphasizing these PAC.

Procrastinación académica y riesgo de conducta suicida en jóvenes universitarios: el papel de la regulación emocional / Academic procrastination and risk of suicidal behavior in university students: The role of emotional regulation

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: El suicidio es la primera causa de muerte evitable entre los jóvenes de 15 a 24 años. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de la conducta suicida (CS) en estudiantes universitarios, analizar la relación entre la regulación emocional (RE), la procrastinación académica (PA) y la CS, y si la RE podría actuar como una variable moduladora entre ambas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional transversal con una muestra incidental de 350 estudiantes universitarios de 21.13 años (DT = 6,15) de edad, rango entre los 17 y 28 años, que participaron voluntariamente respondiendo las escalas de procrastinación académica de Tuckman, de conducta suicida revisada (SBQR) y la Subescala de regulación emocional percibida. RESULTADOS: Un 16.3% de los estudiantes presentaba riesgo de CS. Se observaron correlaciones positivas entre la PA y la CS, y negativas entre la RE, la CS y la PA. Los sujetos que presentaban altos valores en RE mostraban menor CS y PA. Las mujeres presentaban mayores niveles de RE. Los análisis de regresión descartaron el posible efecto moderador de la RE entre la PA y la CS, aunque ambas variables (PA y RE) mantenían una relación directa, pero no interactiva con la CS. CONCLUSIONES: La CS presenta una alta incidencia. La RE y la PA tienen un efecto directo sobre la CS. La RE parece ejercer un papel protector de la CS y de la PA. Se propone diseñar programas de aprendizaje centrados en la RE en el ámbito sanitario y educativo

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Suicide is the leading preventable cause of death among young people aged 15-24. The aim of this study was to calculate the prevalence of suicidal behavior (SB) in university students, to study the relationship between emotion regulation (ER), academic procrastination (AP) and SB, and analyze whether the ER could act as a modulating variable of the SB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with an incidental sample of 350 university students of 21.13 years (SD = 6.15) of age and with a range between 17 and 28 years who voluntarily participated in the study. The students answered the Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 perceived emotional regulation subscale, the Tuckman Academic Procrastination Scale and the revised Suicidal Behavior Scale. RESULTS: Sixteen point three percent of the students presented risk of BS. Positive correlations were observed between AP and SB, and negative between ER, SB and AP. Subjects with high ER values showed lower levels of SB and AP. The regression analyses performed discarded the possible moderating effect of ER on AP and BS, although both variables (AP and ER) had a direct but non-interactive relationship with SB. CONCLUSIONS: High incidence of BS among university students was observed. Both ER and AP have a direct effect on SB. ER seems to play a protective role against SB and PA. Emotion regulation learning programs could be designed to promote health and improve education

Procrastinación académica en estudiantes de enfermería. Adaptación española de la Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF) / Academic procrastination in nursing students. Spanish adaptation of the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF)

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar la traducción y adaptación al español de la Escala breve de procrastinación académica (APS-SF) de McClosky/Yockey y determinar sus propiedades psicométricas preliminares de validez y fiabilidad en una muestra de estudiantes de enfermería. MÉTODO: Participaron en el estudio 178 estudiantes de enfermería, 143 mujeres y 35 hombres, que respondieron un cuestionario anónimo y autoadministrado, que contenía datos demográficos, la APS-SF y la escala de procrastinación de Tuckman. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de consistencia interna de 0,87 y un coeficiente test-retest a 2semanas de 0,89. La correlación entre las 2escalas administradas fue de 0,70. En el análisis factorial confirmatorio se observa un ajuste adecuado al modelo unifactorial propuesto para la versión original de la escala. No aparecen efectos suelo o techo significativos en las puntuaciones de la APS-SF. DISCUSIÓN: Los resultados del estudio permiten considerar que la versión española de la APS-SF es un instrumento válido y fiable, que por sus características puede ser de utilidad para evaluar de forma rápida las conductas rocrastinadoras relacionadas con las actividades académicas de los estudiantes de habla hispana

AIM: The aim of this paper was the translation and adaptation to Spanish of the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form of McClosky / Yockey, and to determine its preliminary psychometric properties of validity and reliability in a sample of nursing students. METHOD: 178 nursing students, 143 female and 35 male, participated in the study. They answered an anonymous and self-administered questionnaire, which contained demographic data, the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF) and the Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS). RESULTS: A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87 and a two-week test-retest coefficient of 0.89 was obtained. The correlation between the 2administered scales was 0.70. The confirmatory factor analysis shows a suitable fit to the unifactorial model proposed for the original version of the scale. No significant floor or ceiling effects were observed in the APS-SF scores. DISCUSSION: The results of the study seem to confirm that the Spanish version of the Brief Scale of Academic Procrastination is a valid and reliable instrument, which, due to its characteristics, can be useful to quickly evaluate procrastinating behaviours related to the academic activities of Spanish-speaking students

Relación de la procrastinación académica con la competencia percibida, el afrontamiento, la autoestima y la autoeficacia en estudiantes de enfermería / Relationship of academic procrastination with perceived competence, coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy in nursing students

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el papel que pueden presentar, como factores protectores de la procrastinación académica de los estudiantes de enfermería, la competencia percibida, el afrontamiento resiliente, la autoestima y la autoeficacia. MÉTODO: Participaron en el estudio 237 estudiantes de enfermería, 202 mujeres y 35 hombres. Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario que contenía las formas españolas de los siguientes instrumentos: Escala de Procrastinación de Tuckman (TPS), Escala de Competencia Personal Percibida (PPC), Escala Breve de Afrontamiento Resiliente (BRCS), Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES) y Escala de Autoeficacia General (GSE). RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron coeficientes de correlación negativos y significativos (p < 0,01) entre la escala de procrastinación y el resto de medidas utilizadas. El análisis de regresión lineal identificó la competencia percibida (PPC) como la única variable predictora de la conducta procrastinadora, explicando un 21,5% (R2aj) de la varianza. DISCUSIÓN: Los resultados del estudio ponen en evidencia el importante papel protector que las variables asociadas a la psicología «positiva» tienen sobre las conductas procrastinadoras. Especial relevancia para la teoría y la práctica de la docencia es el resultado que indica el papel predictor de la competencia percibida sobre la procrastinación académica de los estudiantes

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to study the role that perceived competence, resilient coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy can have as protective factors of the academic procrastination of nursing students. METHOD: Participants were 237 nursing students, 202 women and 35 men. The participants answered a questionnaire that contained the Spanish forms of the following instruments: Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS), Perceived Personal Competence Scale (PPC), Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). RESULTS: Significant and negative correlation coefficients (p<.01) were obtained between the procrastination scale and the rest of the measures used. The linear regression analysis identified Perceived Competence (PPC) as the only predictive variable of procrastinating behaviour, explaining 21.5% (R2aj) of the variance. DISCUSSION: The results of the study show the important protective role that the variables associated with 'positive' psychology have on procrastination. Of special relevance for the theory and practice of teaching is the result that indicates the predictive role of Perceived Competence on the academic procrastination of students

Academic procrastination in nursing students. Spanish adaptation of the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF). / Procrastinación académica en estudiantes de enfermería. Adaptación española de la Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF).

AIM: The aim of this paper was the translation and adaptation to Spanish of the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form of McClosky / Yockey, and to determine its preliminary psychometric properties of validity and reliability in a sample of nursing students. METHOD: 178 nursing students, 143 female and 35 male, participated in the study. They answered an anonymous and self-administered questionnaire, which contained demographic data, the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF) and the Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS). RESULTS: A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87 and a two-week test-retest coefficient of 0.89 was obtained. The correlation between the 2administered scales was 0.70. The confirmatory factor analysis shows a suitable fit to the unifactorial model proposed for the original version of the scale. No significant floor or ceiling effects were observed in the APS-SF scores. DISCUSSION: The results of the study seem to confirm that the Spanish version of the Brief Scale of Academic Procrastination is a valid and reliable instrument, which, due to its characteristics, can be useful to quickly evaluate procrastinating behaviours related to the academic activities of Spanish-speaking students.

Psychological intervention in patients with advanced cancer at home through Individual Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy-Palliative Care: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare Individual Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy-Palliative Care (IMCP-PC) to counselling-based psychotherapy in patients receiving home palliative care (PC). METHODS: Fifty-one patients with advanced-stage cancer receiving home PC were recruited for this. Two-arm (individual meaning-centered psychotherapy-palliative-IMCP-PC-care vs. counselling) randomized feasibility trial. Anxiety, depression, demoralization, and emotional distress were evaluated before and after three psychotherapy sessions. Patient perceptions of the treatment were assessed after completion of therapy. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (16 in each group) completed all three sessions as well as the pre- and post-therapy questionnaires and were therefore included in the final analysis. All patients in the IMCP-PC group showed a significant decrease in levels of demoralization (despair), anxiety, depression, and emotional distress. By contrast, the only variable that significantly improved in the counselling group was demoralization. The post-treatment questionnaire revealed no significant between-group differences regarding patient perception of the structure, focus, or length of treatment. However, the IMCP-PC group rated the treatment more highly with regard to its value in helping them to find meaning in life. CONCLUSIONS: IMCP-PC is a specific psychotherapy tailored to the needs of patients with advanced cancer. The results of the present study indicate that this treatment is suitable for patients at end of life that are not able to attend outpatient sessions. Although more research is needed, the findings of this feasibility trial suggest that the IMCP-PC merits consideration for patients receiving home palliative care (PC).

The relationship between the positive aspects of caring and the personal growth of caregivers of patients with advanced oncological illness : Postraumattic growth and caregiver.

OBJECTIVE: Examine the relationship between the positive aspects of care and the personal growth of caregivers of patients with advanced oncological illness. METHODS: This research was a quantitative study with a transversal design. One hundred (100) informal caregivers filled out self-applied questionnaire on resilience, aspects of care, emotional distress, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth. Descriptive statistics were applied to the data, later correlation, and regression, and comparative analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The participants were mainly women (86%) with an average care period of 12 months. The average age was 46.52 years. The highest scores were evidenced in positive aspects of caretaking, spirituality, personal growth, and distress, while the lowest score was seen in questions related to resilience. There was a negative inverse correlation among emotional distress, resilience, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth (p < .05) and a positive correlation among resilience, spirituality, posttraumatic growth, and the positive aspects of caretaking (p < .01). There were significant differences among the items related to emotional distress, resilience, and posttraumatic growth. The linear regression analysis showed that as resilience, spirituality, and the positive aspects of care increased, so did posttraumatic growth. SIGNIFICANT RESULTS: To promote the perception of benefits among caregivers, resilience and the identification of meaning in the caregiving experience of patients with advanced oncological illness can be considered protective factors favoring adaptation and reducing negative moods.

Relationship of academic procrastination with perceived competence, coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy in nursing students. / Relación de la procrastinación académica con la competencia percibida, el afrontamiento, la autoestima y la autoeficacia en estudiantes de enfermería.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to study the role that perceived competence, resilient coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy can have as protective factors of the academic procrastination of nursing students. METHOD: Participants were 237 nursing students, 202 women and 35 men. The participants answered a questionnaire that contained the Spanish forms of the following instruments: Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS), Perceived Personal Competence Scale (PPC), Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). RESULTS: Significant and negative correlation coefficients (p<.01) were obtained between the procrastination scale and the rest of the measures used. The linear regression analysis identified Perceived Competence (PPC) as the only predictive variable of procrastinating behaviour, explaining 21.5% (R2aj) of the variance. DISCUSSION: The results of the study show the important protective role that the variables associated with 'positive' psychology have on procrastination. Of special relevance for the theory and practice of teaching is the result that indicates the predictive role of Perceived Competence on the academic procrastination of students.